TECHNICAL RESEARCH
BATTLESTARS
The Pegasus fired very large missiles at two Base Stars (the shots of the missiles launching looked like ICBM stock footage). It is never shown where these missiles launch from.
The Galactica fired some sort of laser at a Base Star that seemed to be larger than the anti-fighter turbolasers that are always shown.
When the Galactica activates defense turrets a person flips a top row of 10-12 switches but is never seen flipping a bottom row of 5 switches. The top row is labeled 'Laser Turrets' and the bottom row has a label that says 'Lateral Lasers.' Dialog says something like "Turrets are manned and operational."
Adama orders to come about and fire the port lasers, footage shows a standard turret firing but the sound effect and the following travelling-bolt footage are the same as the missile in flight sound and footage.
BASE STARS
When the Pegasus attacks two Base Stars, Apollo and Starbuck flies between the Base Stars and do heavy damage to them. It is emphasized that one of their intents is to knock out the side missile launchers.
Colonal Tigh briefs the fighter pilots on the Galactica regarding a Base Star they are going to attack. He says that it carries 300 fighters, has two Mega-Pulsars and points to two places on the top of the upper saucer, and says there are over a hundred defensive turrets.
Base Stars can enter the atmosphere of a planet and can even go down to the surface
CYLON RAIDER
In a readout of a raider it says under engine type, Tylium IX
It is mentioned quite a number of times in the series that bombs can do serious damage to the Galactica's landing bays (presumably delivered by Raiders) in addition to a reference indicating that at least some bombs cause Pluton Poisoning.
COLONIAL VIPER
Weapons: Otron Extension, Laser Controlled, Proton Activated, Point Diverters(?)
Stabilizers: Gyro Capacitors, Zonar Modules, Transmit Tek(?)
Megon load (presumably a size of bomb...200 Megon Load)
CELESTRA
On a readout of the systems on the Celestra, it mentions that it has shields and a variety of weapons: Photon Energizers (01), Telview Extensions (13), Point Diverters (NIL) and Lasers (4).
OTHER NOTES
I've noted several readouts that state ships have shields
EXPERIMENT IN TERRA NOTES
The Galacticans are considered to have highly advanced technology compared to the Terrans
Apollo is incarcerated in a cell that has a force field
There is a technical readout on the Eastern Alliance Destroyer but on video, it seems to be completely unreadable...if anyone can figure out what it says, please mail me!
Adama orders maximum power to the lasers and to ready force shields, then orders positive shields (bridge window closes). The exact text (as near as I can make out anyway; Adama sounds like he says Shields, Omega definately sounds like he's saying Fields): (ADAMA) Stand by on force shields. (OMEGA) Force fields standing by. (ADAMA) Stand by on maximum laser power. (OMEGA) Maximum laser power standing by. (ADAMA) Negative shield now.
Adama gives the order to fire and a beam shoots out from the nose/underside of the Galactica which forms a barrier that the missiles explode against.
Starbuck makes a note in his log that his sidearm (laser) has been set to stun before zapping a bunch of Terrans and blowing up their transports